Cocaine is a potent stimulant found in the South American coca plant, causing intense energy, self-confidence, and euphoria by elevating brain dopamine levels. Despite its fleeting high, cocaine has harmful effects on the heart, brain, and psyche, including heart attack, seizures, and paranoia. It also causes compulsive drug-seeking behavior and addiction called Cocaine Use Disorder. There are two main chemical forms of cocaine: cocaine hydrochloride (powder form) and Freebase or “crack” cocaine, processed into rock crystal for a powerful, quick high. Although illicit for non-medical use, it is a Schedule II drug in the U.S., with high potential for abuse, but can be used in limited medical practices like local anesthesia.
How Is It Used?
Snorting – Inhaled cocaine powder through nose, providing immediate high but damaging nasal tissues.
Injecting – Cocaine powder dissolved in water, causing rapid, intense effects. Increases risk of blood-borne infections.
Smoking (Crack Cocaine) – Short-lived, addictive, and dangerous.
Rubbing on gums – Direct application can lead to mouth sores and tooth decay.
Short-Term Effects
Intense euphoria
Increased alertness and energy
Decreased appetite
Elevated heart rate and blood pressure
Dilated pupils
Overconfidence and risky behavior
Long-Term Risks
Addiction and dependence
Nasal damage and loss of smell (chronic snorting)
Heart problems including arrhythmias, heart attack, and stroke
Paranoia, hallucinations, and anxiety
Weight loss and malnourishment
Memory loss and cognitive decline
Liver and kidney damage
Risk of overdose, which can lead to seizures, coma, or death